Mix the dough. In a large mixing bowl, combine the active sourdough starter, warm water, and olive oil. Stir until the starter is mostly dissolved. Add the bread flour and salt, mixing until all the flour is incorporated and no dry patches remain. The dough will be very wet, sticky, and shaggy. Do not add additional flour, as the high hydration is essential for creating a light and airy focaccia. Cover and allow the dough to rest for 20–30 minutes.
Perform the first set of stretch and folds. With damp hands, grab one side of the dough, gently stretch it upward, and fold it toward the center. Rotate the bowl and repeat until you have completed 4–6 folds. Alternatively, perform coil folds by lifting the dough from the center and allowing the ends to fold underneath. Cover the bowl and allow the dough to rest for 30 minutes.
Perform the second set of stretch and folds. Repeat another set of 4–6 stretch and folds or coil folds. The dough should begin to feel smoother and more elastic. If time allows, rest the dough for another 30 minutes and perform a third set of folds to further strengthen the gluten and improve the focaccia's structure.
Bulk ferment the dough. Cover the bowl and allow the dough to ferment at room temperature for approximately 4–6 hours, or until it has increased in volume by roughly 50%. The dough should appear noticeably puffy, smooth, and slightly jiggly, with visible air bubbles along the sides and surface. Fermentation times will vary depending on the temperature of your kitchen and the strength of your sourdough starter.
Cold ferment overnight. Once bulk fermentation is complete, cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap or an airtight lid and refrigerate overnight or for up to 24 hours. This optional cold fermentation develops flavor and makes the dough easier to handle when adding the apple filling. For a same-day bake, skip refrigeration and proceed directly to preparing the filling.