In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the dough hook, add the active levain/sourdough starter, warm milk, flour, eggs, salt, sugar, and vanilla extract.
Mix on low to medium speed until a shaggy dough forms.
With the mixer running, add the softened butter one tablespoon at a time, allowing each piece to fully incorporate before adding more. Scrape down the bowl as needed.
Increase the mixer speed to medium-high and knead for 7–10 minutes, or until the dough becomes smooth, elastic, and begins pulling away from the sides of the bowl.
Brioche dough is naturally soft, wet, and sticky. It may be tempting to add extra flour, but avoid doing so for the softest texture.
Cover the bowl and allow the dough to rise at room temperature for 6–10 hours, or until increased in size by about 30–50%. Once it's fermented, you can continue on to shaping the buns or cover and let chill in the fridge overnight.
Depending on the temperature of your home, this rise may take longer. In cooler kitchens, expect closer to 12 hours. Watch the dough, not the clock.