Preheat your oven to 350°F (177°C). Grease a 9x13-inch cake pan and line the bottom with parchment paper for easy removal.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the cake flour, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
If using the cake flour substitute: measure 2 cups all-purpose flour, remove 4 tablespoons of flour, then replace it with 4 tablespoons cornstarch. Sift well before using.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the melted butter and granulated sugar until smooth and combined.
Add the egg whites and vanilla extract. Whisk until the mixture becomes lighter and slightly frothy.
Add half of the dry ingredients to the bowl and stir gently to combine. Pour in half of the milk and mix again. Repeat with the remaining dry ingredients and milk, stirring until just combined.
Fold in the sourdough discard until fully incorporated. Do not overmix.
Pour the batter into the prepared 9x13-inch cake pan and smooth the top evenly.
Bake for 30–38 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Allow the cake to cool before assembling the cakes.